Circulation of the Light and Tao Te Ching (2) – Mysterious Gate(s) – (A)

Of the tens of millions down the ages who have had read the Tao Te Ching or have heard of Tao, it could be fair to say that less than half would aspire to be scholars by trying to cultivate the Way. Of those who cultivate Tao, both the philosophical and mediocre scholars - those who tend to waver in their beliefs – would form the majority of these aspirants and who would either make little headway in the cultivation and/or drop out halfway.

This leaves the minority to persevere through thick and thin in the lengthy and demanding process to become top scholars of Tao. And of these first class scholars who travel on the magical far journey, only a relative few - the Zhen Ren or realized persons - could attain or have attained Tao to become Celestial Immortals or Buddhas.

Anyone who has had read Chapter One of the Tao Te Ching would be equally mystified on the one hand and on the other hand seemed to be able to grasp something of what Laozi had wanted to say. The first four verses of the chapter probably count among the most discussed online topics on Tao. What with the more than a hundred translations of Chapter One made available on the World Wide Web. So what is one more?

Tao Te Ching Chapter One

The Tao that can be told is not the eternal Tao,

The name that can be named is not the eternal name.

Nameless is the beginning of heaven and earth;

Named is the mother of myriad things.

Without desire observe the mysterious,

With desire contemplate the manifestations.

These two things are similar,

Only differing names for the profound.

Obscure and profound; (there will be) numerous mysterious gates.

[Translated by Allan Lian]

Since most readers of the ancient classic have already formed their own opinions on the first four verses, and to avoid endless contention, it would be better to discuss in brief the remaining five verses which deal with direct experiences obtainable through the diligent practice of the Circulation of the Light.

Many theories have also been propounded for these remaining five verses of Chapter One and especially on the Mysterious Gate(s).

Therefore what is to be discussed would differ much from those who had used their intellect – whether or not they are scholars, translators, Sinologists, or the deluded – to explain these particular verses.

In my translation of Chapter One, Wu - the pinyin for the Chinese – that appear in the fifth verse has been translated as ‘Without’. And You – the pinyin for another Chinese word - that appear in the sixth verse has been translated as ‘With’. Wu and You happen to be direct opposites; and have different connotations depending on the context and the chapters of the Tao Te Ching in which they are written or used.

For example, the whiz-kid Wang Bi of the late Han had had aptly determined that Wu means Non Being while You means Being in the context and particular chapter where they both have appeared; but these meanings do not apply to Chapter One. (Theorists and ardent followers of Wang Bi could do well to take note of this, lest they implicitly use these meanings in Chapter One and try to mislead others.)

To understand the Tao Te Ching is difficult, to penetrate (tong) this ancient classic would be nigh impossible without spiritual clarity (Shen Ming) and direct experiences.

To be continued.

Circulation of the Light and Tao Te Ching

Tao is so vast and yet can also be so minute that it is beyond the intellect. However, since Tao is easy to know, readers of the Tao Te Ching down the ages – probably numbering in the tens of millions by now – could have had learned something from this ancient classic.

Per the Records of the Han Grand Historian, the Tao Te Ching is said to be written by Laozi more than 2,500 years ago upon the request of Yinxi, a Western frontier guard.

And according to Daoist celestial immortal Lu Dongbin, it was this Guan Yinxi who first revealed the ancient Circulation of the Light. There are no reasons whatsoever to doubt this claim, since those who have really practised the Circulation of the Light and have progressed far would be able to witness the numerous signposts including the eternal ones embedded in the Tao Te Ching. The practice also raises spiritual clarity (Shen Ming) and therefore makes it much easier to penetrate (tong) this Classic.

Take for example Chapter 55 of the Tao Te Ching:

Chapter 55 of the Tao Te Ching:

He who possesses virtue in abundance may be compared to an infant. Poisonous insects will not sting him. Fierce beasts will not seize him. Birds of prey will not strike him. His bones are weak, his sinews tender, but his grasp is firm.

He does not yet know the union of male and female, but his organ is aroused, this means that his essence is at its height.

He may cry all day without becoming hoarse, this means that his (natural) harmony is perfect. To know harmony means to be in accord with the eternal. To be in accord with the eternal means to be enlightened.

To force the growth of life means ill omen. For the mind to employ the vital force without restraint means violence.

After all things reach their prime, they begin to grow old, which means being contrary to Tao. Whatever is contrary to Tao will soon perish. [Translated by Professor Wing – Tsit Chan]

This introductory article would help explain Chapter 55 of the Tao Te Ching and is written especially for current or intended students of neidan (inner alchemy) for them to learn something more about the Circulation of the Light. If read together with my various other related articles on the Circulation of the Light and on neidan, it could also assist students to discern real (neidan and/or Tao) masters from the fake.

While Laozi had neither elaborated on how a student can become good (virtuous) – as compared to the comprehensive teachings of the other two great ancient sages, Confucius and the Buddha - nor revealed - in line with established order of the ancients - how to circulate the Light; the Tao Te Ching contains many hints, indications, and signposts for achievers.

The particular chapter under discussion provides several such indications and hints to first class scholars of Tao on what to do and what to avoid. Yet few will penetrate (tong) it.

What will be discussed would invariably differ from the thoughts of translators and sinologists. Since the discussion is on the Circulation of the Light and the ancient Way. Not theories or New Age whatnots. Here goes.

1st paragraph of TTC 55

To cultivate virtues (Te) to become good or pure again is a preliminary requisite step for the Return (to Heaven / Tao / Origin). According to Mencius - human nature is good. And – according to Laozi, Confucius, and the Buddha - Heaven is on the side of the good.

And to practise the backward flow meditation for the Circulation of the Light is to learn how to breathe like an infant again. While the infant is kept safe by the parents from poisonous insects, fierce beasts, and birds of prey, Heaven protects the right person for Tao.

TTC 55 - 2nd paragraph

One of the earliest signs of the Circulation of the Light – and according to Laozi - is that when the infant’s essence is at its height, his organ is aroused. An additional sign would be that upon the union of male and female, the organ would still remain erect and stiff for several more minutes after ejaculation. (Therefore the Circulation of the Light is not recommended for young male adults since they would most likely not be able to control lust. Lust is a vice which youth has to guard against.)

TTC 55 - 3rd paragraph

When emotions have subsided, there is equilibrium. When emotions stir, but are acted upon in due degree, there is perfect harmony. To achieve equilibrium and harmony is the universal path. The achievements accord with the eternal. To accord with the eternal means to be enlightened.

TTC 55 - 4th paragraph

The Circulation of the Light and Qi (breath) are both natural. Employing forceful means for the progress towards longevity and/or using intent to direct the breath (Qi) without restraint bring on ill effects.

TTC 55 – 5th paragraph

When people hear of Tao and yet not put it into practice, except to grow old and wait for death is contrary to Tao.

While growing old and perish form a part of nature, an infant’s breathing is also natural. If those who hear of Tao cultivate virtues (Te) to become good and learn to breathe like an infant again, they can take an additional step to reverse the breath for the backward flow to circulate the Light and the Qi (Breath). By doing so, the mind would be empty and the heart still.

Then it is probable to reach the final stage of the Return where without a body, there is no death. (Celestial immortality or Buddha-hood)

That great light from Heaven (2)

With our recent discussions on the Circulation of the Light, some Yijing aficionados may feel neglected since they think that the particular topic has no relevance with the studies of the Book of Changes.

Let me assure all readers that the Light has everything to do with the ancient Book of Changes; Heaven, Man, and Earth.

Similar to an omen, this Light is a phenomenon. And it could be too deep and profound for deep thinkers, Yijing experts and scholars alike; since even the acknowledged whiz kid Wang Bi may not quite know what the Light is or can represent.

For the Book of Changes, the Tao Te Ching (Daoist), the Shurangama Sutra (Buddhist), and the Hindu Sutras teach about this Light. And Lu Dongbin, a Daoist celestial immortal, had had explained in his Secret of the Golden Flower what this Light is all about.

The holy sages who wrote the Book of Changes however go even much deeper into it with an indication that Heaven (Qian) can send down the Light to Earth (Kun) to help Man (Ren) via the line in the fourth place of Hexagram 12 Pi / Stagnation.

And Heaven has done exactly that in 2011 by sending down the Great Light to help the people. (Refer to the article on “The returning great light” on February 4, 2011 if interested.)

The particular prognostication is a happy global omen which is still unfolding in the world today.

In the Commentary on the Decision (the 1st and 2nd Wings) of Hexagram 42 Yi / Increase, Confucius commented:

“Decreasing what is above and increasing what is below; then the joy of the people is boundless.

What is above places itself under what is below: This is the way of the great light. And it furthers one to undertake something: Central, correct, and blessed.” [W/B]

With his commentary, it shows that Confucius knew about the great light. So did Zhuge Liang or Kongming if you understand well his twelfth prophecy in the Ma Qian Ke.

Similar to the ominous global omen which started to unfold in September 2008 before our very eyes when Heaven and Earth closed with no Tao on Earth, this happy global omen of Heaven sending down the great light would also remain unrecognized – probably for centuries more to come - if left untold.

And if the current crop of Yijing experts and scholars in the world do not quite understand the phenomena of global omens and the Light, who would the multitude turn to for the answers?

Therefore in the first article on “That great light from Heaven” dated February 16, 2012, I have asked the esoteric and the deep thinkers to come up with reasons as to why the great light was sent, what or whom does it represent, how this light can help the people, and who these people are?

Apparently the questions remain too deep and profound for these particular readers since there was no response at all; even though I have had indicated that a complete set of answers can be found in the Wilhelm translation.

There is still some time for those who want to do the homework and come forth with their thoughts on the phenomenon of Heaven sending down the great light. It is not really that difficult if you put your heart into it.

If deep thinkers, expert Yijing aficionados and Sinologists reading the article on “The returning great light” on February 4, 2011 have done their proper homework, they would have known who the Great Light from Heaven is. That would be a good start.



To be continued.

Circulation of the Light and Zhuangzi

Several Daoist texts discuss the ancient practice of the Circulation of the Light and/or its confirmation signs. However, not many readers including translators of these ancient Chinese texts and scholars of Ancient Chinese Philosophy happened or would tend to see it that way. In line with the Tao Te Ching these readers are not alone; because since ancient times - upon hearing of Tao - only the first class scholars have had actually put it into practice.

Now as to whether or not Zhuangzi - a follower of Laozi according to the Grand Historian, Sima Qian - was a first class scholar of Tao, he for certain knew something about the Circulation of the Light.

Since in the chapter on Xin Zhai or ‘Fasting of the Mind’, he had had described the early stages of its practice including that of seeing the light:

“Look at that aperture (left in the wall);--the empty apartment is filled with light through it.”

In addition to Xin Zhai, there is an excerpt from the texts of Zhuangzi on a purported discussion between Huangdi (the legendary Yellow Emperor) and his teacher, Guang Chenzi - one of the earliest Daoist celestial immortals – which also relates to the Circulation of the Light.

I have broken up the excerpt into smaller paragraphs with key phrases highlighted (in italics or bold) - for readers - to make it easier to understand and simpler to follow:-

“Guang Chenzi hastily rose, and said, 'A good question! Come and I will tell you the perfect Tao. Its essence is (surrounded with) the deepest obscurity; its highest reach is in darkness and silence. There is nothing to be seen; nothing to be heard. When it holds the spirit in its arms in stillness, then the bodily form of itself will become correct.

You must be still; you must be pure; not subjecting your body to toil, not agitating your vital force;--then you may live for long.

When your eyes see nothing, your ears hear nothing, and your mind knows nothing, your spirit will keep your body, and the body will live long.

Watch over what is within you, shut up the avenues that connect you with what is external;--much knowledge is pernicious. I (will) proceed with you to the summit of the Grand Brilliance, where we come to the source of the bright and expanding (element); I will enter with you the gate of the Deepest Obscurity, where we come to the source of the dark and repressing (element).

There heaven and earth have their controllers; there the Yin and Yang have their Repositories. Watch over and keep your body, and all things will of themselves give it vigour. I maintain the (original) unity (of these elements), and dwell in the harmony of them. In this way I have cultivated myself for one thousand and two hundred years, and my bodily form has undergone no decay.'

Huangdi twice bowed low with his head to the ground, and said, 'In Guang Chenzi we have an example of what is called Heaven'. The other said, 'Come, and I will tell you:--(The perfect Tao) is something inexhaustible, and yet men all think it has an end; it is something unfathomable, and yet men all think its extreme limit can be reached. He who attains to my Tao, if he be in a high position, will be one of the August ones, and in a low position, will be a king.

He who fails in attaining it, in his highest attainment will see the light, but will descend and be of the Earth. At present all things are produced from the Earth and return to the Earth.

Therefore I will leave you, and enter the gate of the Unending, to enjoy myself in the fields of the Illimitable. I will blend my light with that of the sun and moon, and will endure while heaven and earth endure.

If men agree with my views, I will be unconscious of it; if they keep far apart from them, I will be unconscious of it; they may all die, and I will abide alone!'”
[Book XI - Zai Yu or ‘Let it Be’- Legge]

If those practising neidan (inner alchemy) can only see the light; they would progress no further in the attainment of Tao.

They would need to witness the interchanging of the Dark and the Light; Yin Yang; Forms and Emptiness before they can enter the Mysterious Gate(s).

However, aspiring first class scholars – the right persons for Tao – who have had correctly practised the Circulation of the Light over the years would be able to see the manifestations of what Guang Chenzi had had described – most of which have already been embedded in the Tao Te Ching for more than 2,500 years.

This includes seeing splendid Heaven, another eternal signpost of the Way.

Focus on the breath (updated)

Focus on the breath is vital to those who practise breath control meditation.

Therefore I have had blogged an article on it back in 2006. Since the term, “focus on the breath” is nowadays gaining popularity in Daoist forums and we are continuing the discussion on the Circulation of the Light; I hereby provide an updated version of the article for your reading pleasure.

About ten years ago in a Tao forum, one had advised a fellow traveler to ‘focus on the breath’ while practicing meditation. She was an earnest student of Tao and meditation, reading books on and studying various methods of meditation akin to the Circulation of the Light.

She would travel from the US to India every year to see her guru, a renowned teacher according to her, to improve her meditation and practice. And she would post the various methods of meditation on the forum board for sharing with fellow travelers. She understood Daoist meditations more than most but her practice was not improving. Only when she had indicated that she was not able to concentrate properly while in meditation because of thoughts rushing in, did I recommend her to focus on the breath.

Thereafter, one was shouted down by several members since she was acknowledged as the most knowledgeable person in Daoist meditation on that forum. According to her admirers and followers, how could I know that she does not know about it already? Yes, how would I know?

A few years later, Daoists and Buddhists in the forums started to – and still do - bandy around the term, ‘focus on the breath’ without realizing what it has to do with the backward flow meditation. Apparently some of them have come across this term in one of the books written by an elderly Chan Buddhist master – recently deceased - based in China.

Knowing how to focus on the breath is a primary requirement for the backward flow meditation and the Circulation of the Light.

If you really want to learn the proper way to focus on the breath, let us turn to Lu Yen better known as Lu Dongbin - one of the eight renowned celestial Daoist immortals and a Quanzhen Patriarch to boot - for the answer, shall we?

“In sitting down, after lowering the lids, one uses the eyes to establish a plumb-line and then shifts the light downward. But if the transposition downward is not successful, then the heart is directed towards listening to the breathing. One should not be able to hear with the ear the outgoing and in taking of the breath. What one hears is that it has no tone. As soon as it has tone, the breathing is rough and superficial, and does not penetrate into the open. Then the heart must be made quite light and insignificant. The more it is released, the less it becomes; the less it is, the quieter. All at once it becomes so quiet that it stops. Then the true breathing is manifested and the form of the heart comes to consciousness.”

The Buddha said: ‘When you fix your heart on one point, then nothing is impossible for you.’ The heart easily runs away, so it is necessary to concentrate it by means of breath-energy. Breath-energy easily becomes rough; therefore it has to be refined by the heart. When that is done, can it then happen that it is not fixed?

While sitting, one must therefore always keep the heart quiet and the energy concentrated. How can the heart be made quiet? By the breath. Only the heart must be conscious of the flowing in and out of the breath; it must not be heard with the ears. If it is not heard, then the breathing is light; if light, it is pure. If it can be heard, then the breath-energy is rough; if rough, then it is troubled; if troubled, then indolence and lethargy develop and one wants to sleep. That is self-evident.
[The Secret of the Golden Flower – W/B]

If we focus on the breath during meditation, thoughts do not flood in. Neither will we fall asleep since we concentrate on the breath and are aware of where it is going. In neidan practice, focusing on the breath is elementary but important. Learn it well to go further.

Have fun in focusing on the breath. When fire fills your belly, and thunder roars upon breathing in, while immortals sing, perhaps you may know by then if what Daoist celestial immortal Lu and the Buddha have already indicated is true.

But then again, like what those Tao forum members and Zhuangzi had asked, ‘How would I know?’

Circulation of the Light and I Ching (2)

The ancient Circulation of the Light – as taught in the Secret of the Golden Flower - and its relationship with the Book of Changes (I Ching / Yijing) can be explained in brief thus:

“The work on the circulation of the light depends entirely on the backward-flowing movement, so that the thoughts are gathered together. The heavenly heart lies between sun and moon.”

“Master Lu-tsu said, since when has the expression ‘circulation of the light’ been revealed? It was revealed by the ‘True Man of the Beginning of Form’ (Guan Yinshi). When the light is made to move in a circle, all the energies of heaven and earth, of the light and the dark, are crystallized.” [The Secret of the Golden Flower of Lu Dongbin as translated by Wilhelm / Baynes]

The Judgment in Hexagram Fu / Return contains the term, “To and fro goes the Way (Tao)” while the first verse of Chapter 40 in the Tao Te Ching says: “Return is the movement of the Way”.

The following paragraphs explain the terms: the backward flow movement and the Circulation of the Light. And what are depicted in the accompanying picture - [the picture is scanned from the book, “Tai Chi Chuan and I Ching – Second Edition – by Da Liu, 1981 R&KP].

The picture tells the profound story of how the Light circulates together with the Qi where from the bottom they progress up the back of the body to the top of the head before their descent down the front making a full circle or an orbit.

For Hexagram #24 Fu / Return represents the start of the waxing of the moon reaching Full Moon at Hexagram #1 Qian / The Creative Heaven while Hexagram #44 Gou / Coming to Meet represents the first waning phase of the moon and ends with the New Moon at Hexagram #2 Kun / The Receptive Earth. And the Circulation continues to complete a full circle or an orbit.

Therefore the Circulation of the Light crystallizes all the energies of heaven and earth and of the light and the dark – represented respectively by Qian and Kun and the lines of the twelve sovereign hexagrams.

This is the correct way to practise neidan (inner alchemy) meditation – the Circulation of the Light - for the return to Tao. For neidan practitioners would then be practising the Way of Heaven that of the Light and the Dark - as indicated in the ancient method of the Holy Sages who wrote the Book of Changes.

While it is profound, ancient neidan meditation follows that of nature (ziran) and can - more often than not – be supported by science. For once an orbit has been duly completed - similar to the eight planets orbiting our Sun - the Light together with the Qi continues its natural circulation course over the duration of the meditation.

Those already with good aptitude – having receiving confirmatory sign(s) according to Lu Dongbin in his Secret of the Golden Flower – in the Circulation of the Light would have to acquire the profound ability to ignite the fire in the furnace to cook the medicine - represented by Kan (Moon) and Li (Sun) - in the cauldron (as depicted in the centre of the body in the picture). This ability to ignite the fire in the furnace is another major eternal signpost of the Way that would appear naturally (ziran).


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Emulating ancient Zhou (and Zhuge Liang) (2)

The time was on the morrow, when the king [King Wu] went round his six hosts in state, and made a clear declaration to all his officers. He said, 'Oh I my valiant men of the west, from Heaven are the illustrious courses of duty, of which the (several) requirements are quite plain. And now Shang, the king of Shang, treats with contemptuous slight the five regular (virtues), and abandons himself to wild idleness and irreverence. He has cut himself off from Heaven, and brought enmity between himself and the people.

He cut through the leg-bones of those who were wading, in the morning; he cut out the heart of the worthy man. By the use of his power, killing, and murdering, he has poisoned and sickened all within the four seas. His honours and confidence are given to the villainous and bad.

He has driven from him his instructors and guardians. He has thrown to the winds the statutes and penal laws. He has imprisoned and enslaved the upright officer.

He neglects the sacrifices to heaven and earth. He has discontinued the offerings in the ancestral temple. He makes contrivances of wonderful device and extraordinary cunning to please his wife.

--God will no longer indulge him, but with a curse is sending down on him this ruin. Do ye with untiring zeal support me, the One man, reverently to execute the punishment appointed by Heaven. The ancients have said, "He who soothes us is our sovereign; he who oppresses us is our enemy."

This solitary fellow Shâu, having exercised great tyranny, is your perpetual enemy. (It is said again), "In planting (a man's) virtue, strive to make it great; in putting away (a man's) wickedness, strive to do it from the roots."

Here I, the little child, by the powerful help of you, all my officers, will utterly exterminate your enemy. Do you, all my officers, march forward with determined boldness to sustain your prince. Where there is much merit, there shall be large reward; where you do not so advance, there shall be conspicuous disgrace.

'Oh! (the virtue of) my deceased father Wan was like the shining of the sun and moon. His brightness extended over the four quarters of the land, and shone signally in the western region. Hence it is that our Kâu has received (the allegiance of) many states. If I subdue Shâu, it will not be from my prowess but from the faultless (virtue of) my deceased father Wan.

If Shâu subdue me, it will not be from any fault of my deceased father Wan, but because I, the little child, am not good.'


[Sacred-Texts.com - The Great Declaration (3) Part V The Books of Zhou – Book of History (Shujing)]